The last four years have seen the development of support for research in nursing and other healthcare professionals’ research, along with nursing education becoming part of university programs. While professional and scientific landscapes are changing and the prospects that are opening up are letting us glimpse an increasing professionalization of nurses’ activities, they also raise the question of how the discipline of nursing sciences is constructed in France. By considering interdisciplinary work as an approach for complex situations of care, specifying the purpose of the production of nursing scientific knowledge in order to meet the population’s healthcare requirements, and explaining the purpose of nursing research and theoretical elements that allow its construction, this article offers an epistemological reflection on the evolution of the profession and on the construction of a scientific discipline of nursing in France.