Unlike in the past, pregnant women in Portugal are accompanied from a very early stage by health professionals, and particularly the midwife, who accompanies the woman, advises her, and even, increasingly, offers information about the best ways of maintaining a balanced, healthy life in this period. This article follows a comprehensive sociological approach. We place an emphasis on semi-structured interviews, direct observation, and documentary research. On the basis of the data collected, we argue that midwives have unanimously seen health education as a priority. However, there seems to be a certain confusion in the concepts of “prevention” and “health promotion.” We conclude that educational projects form an integral part of two models, which we call traditional and dialogical. The first model has to do with illness prevention, through biomedical information; the goal of this is the lessening of individual risks. The second model is oriented towards the person and their reality, which are considered the subject of educational practice. We ought, therefore, to ask how schools should train health professionals in these subjects.