This literature review focuses on the influence of the psychological work environment and job satisfaction on nurses’ turnover intentions. More specifically, this review aims to explain the influence of the primary dimensions of the psychological work environment—job characteristics, role characteristics, leadership characteristics, teamwork characteristics, and organizational characteristics—on nurses’ organizational and occupational turnover intentions. Furthermore, this review aims to explain the role of job satisfaction as a potential mediator in the relationship between the psychological work environment dimensions and both organizational and occupational turnover intentions among nurses. More specifically, the mechanism by which an individual goes from having negative perceptions of the psychological work environment to having turnover intentions is examined. The review concludes by revealing evaluation and intervention practices that may facilitate the implementation of continuous improvement processes aimed at enhancing nurses’ perceptions of the psychological work environment and job satisfaction.