This study proposes a comparative anthropotechnological analysis of the management of nutritional care in hospital food and nutrition services in Brazil and France. Data was obtained from documents, interviews, and direct observation. Results for France show that the characteristics observed offer better conditions for dieticians. In Brazil, low investment in health and education is more challenging for dieticians. Recommendations for nutritional care were made in the following areas: the technology of nutritional care management, strategies of interaction and organization between clinical-nutritional attendance and the production of meals, and the background of dieticians.